Since 2022, the volatile international situation soaring oil prices have become a global problem, and oil is the blood of the industry, especially the synthesis of polymer materials (rubber, plastic and chemical fibers, etc.), more inseparable from oil.
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So, is there a raw material that can replace coal, oil and synthetic polymers?
So the market turned to bio-based materials.
What are the bio-based materials?
Bio-based Materials refer to a new class of materials manufactured by biological, chemical, physical and other means using renewable materials or (and) raw materials obtained through biological manufacturing, such as bioplastics, bio-functional polymer materials, etc.
So the market turned to bio-based materials.
What are the bio-based materials?
Bio-based Materials refer to a new class of materials manufactured by biological, chemical, physical and other means using renewable materials or (and) raw materials obtained through biological manufacturing, such as bioplastics, bio-functional polymer materials, etc. a is different from the traditional chemical material products produced with non-renewable petrochemical resources such as coal and petroleum as raw materials, bio-based materials have the characteristics of renewable raw materials, reducing carbon emissions, saving energy and so on, and some products also have good biodegradability.
There are many kinds of biodegradable materials. At present, the most common is PLA (polylactic acid), which is commonly used in straws and plastic bags.
In addition, there are common PBAT (polyadipic acid/butanediol terephthalate), PBS (polybutanediol succinate) and PCL (polycaprolactone).
Bio-based materials have a wide range of sources, flexible means of acquisition, rich properties and diverse application scenarios. At present, bio-based materials are in the stage of moving from laboratory research and development to industrial production and scale application.
Low-key PHA
In the field of academic research, the number of published studies on PHA (polyhydroxyfatty acid ester) in China is the second highest in the world, second only to the United States, but PHA is relatively small among all bio-based materials.
In terms of applications, PHA materials can be used to manufacture containers, non-woven fabrics, packaging materials, and even textiles.
At present, although a large number of companies are engaged in PHA research and development and production work. But curiously, there are few high-volume, low-cost versions of PHA on sale; This is due to the fact that PHA materials are extremely expensive to manufacture and consume a lot of food and energy.
Taking the production of 1000 tons of PHA as an example, the base material used in manufacturing (usually glucose or starch) accounts for 50% of the total cost, and the energy consumption of heating, stirring, compressed air and other links accounts for 27%.
In addition, there are still some problems in biosynthesis, such as large investment in equipment, low conversion rate of raw materials, low product concentration, and difficult product recovery.
However, despite the high cost, PHA has its own unique advantages compared with other biological materials, such as adjustable structure and performance, can be made into materials with luminescence, hair color, hydrophilic, water absorption and other characteristics; The diversity of raw materials and the possibility of process improvement of PHA are also higher, and its animal edibility and biocompatibility are not available in other biomaterials.
Of course, there are improvements, such as replacing biosynthetic strains, or using synthetic biology to change the size and internal structure of bacteria, facilitate downstream centrifugation and PHA extraction, or even directly increase PHA production.
Bio-based “oil of all Trades” PDO
PDO (1, 3-propylene glycol) is a colorless odorless, hygroscopic transparent viscous liquid, widely used in cosmetics, ink, printing and dyeing, coatings, lubricants, etc.
In the field of biodegradable materials, biobased PDO can be polymerized with aliphatic diacid to synthesize degradable polyester materials such as PPT, or participate in the co-polymerization of degradable materials such as PBAT and PBS to form new biodegradable copolyester materials.
Before 2004, the development of the international 1,3-PDO market was dominated by Shell, Degussa and Du Pont, which produced 1, 3-propylene glycol in different ways.
Among them, Shell company adopts the carboxylation method of ethylene oxide (EO method), Degussa Company adopts the hydration and hydrogenation method of acrolein (AC method), and DuPont Company adopts the biological fermentation method.
The development of domestic 1,3-PDO industry is relatively backward. Only in 2002 did the first 1,3-PDO manufacturer of a certain scale emerge in China.
The factors that restrict the development of domestic 1,3-PDO industry are as follows: first, the choice of technical route; another important reason is that the single downstream application market is not developed, which is also the new development opportunities of bio-based materials in recent years.
conclusion
The concept of bio-based chemical feedstock has been proposed and applied for many years, but it was not until the concept of double carbon strategy was proposed that it ushered in a more comprehensive development opportunity.
It can be predicted that bio-based chemical raw materials will have explosive growth in categories, output, industrial chain and other dimensions. The degree and speed of development ultimately depends on the distribution of technology, capital and talent in the industry.
Bio-based materials are derived from renewable resources, have many advantages such as carbon reduction and sustainability. They don’t need landfills, they don’t need chemicals to decompose, they are like a leaf passing through the seasons year after year. This is the future of bio-based materials.
Bio-based materials & biodegradable materials
Bio-based materials and biodegradable materials are two different concepts.
Biodegradation refers to polymers that can be degraded under microbial or compost conditions, but biobased PTT (polypropylene terephthalate), biobased PE (polyethylene), natural rubber and other materials are not degradable.
Bio-based materials emphasize the renewable origin of their biological sources. They can be biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) or bionon-degradable polymers such as bio-based polyethylene.
The biodegradable material emphasizes the biodegradability, it can be biodegradable polymer such as polylactic acid (PLA), can also be Petroleum based Polymers (petrol-based polymers) PBS and PBAT.
Post time: Oct-31-2022